Full wind–solar–baseload system model for Serbia (2030 / 2040 outlook)

By 2030 Serbia’s electricity system enters a structural transition where the dominance of coal is eroded not only by environmental policy but by its growing incompatibility with high penetration of intermittent renewable generation. The system model that emerges during this decade is characterised by a widening operational gap: solar and wind increase their share of […]

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Scenario-based narrative: Curtailment vs. storage buildout in Serbia’s renewable future

The next decade in Serbia’s renewable transition can unfold along two sharply contrasted scenarios: one in which storage development fails to keep pace with renewable expansion, and another where storage becomes a central pillar of system operation. These two trajectories lead to fundamentally different outcomes for both investors and the national electricity system. In the

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Wind and solar vs. baseload and balancing in Serbia: A system under tension

Serbia’s energy system is entering a structural contradiction: it is simultaneously adding large volumes of intermittent renewable generation while still relying on an ageing baseload fleet designed for a different century’s operating principles. The clash between wind and solar variability on one side and the inertia-heavy, slow-ramping baseload infrastructure on the other defines every technical,

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Solar energy producers in Serbia: Baseload constraints, balancing exposure and the structural risks of grid access

Solar power in Serbia has entered a rapid expansion phase, propelled by a convergence of policy changes, investor appetite, rising regional electricity prices and the gradual shift away from coal. Yet the Serbian market, unlike the mature solar environments of Southern Europe, inherits a legacy system built for baseload operation, centralised dispatch and vertically integrated

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SEE’s electricity market: Structure, competition, traders, strategies and the next decade of transformation

The South-East European electricity market has always stood apart from the mature, deeply liquid and algorithmically saturated markets of Western and Northern Europe. The Western Balkans region—extending through Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, and partially linked surrounding systems—remains a puzzle of semi-liberalised markets, legacy monopolies, variable regulatory maturity, rapid renewable expansion potential

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Cross-border power corridors shaping South-East Europe: Interconnections, congestions and the new gravitational pull of the EU electricity market

South-East Europe is moving through a period of structural change, driven by accelerating renewable deployment, constrained transmission corridors, and a new continental price geography that increasingly radiates outward from the European Union’s core. The region stretching from Hungary through Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece, and continuing across the Adriatic through Montenegro toward Italy, forms

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Hydro–storage–renewables integration strategy for SEE

Designing an integration strategy for hydropower, storage and renewables in South-East Europe means accepting that no single technology can deliver both decarbonisation and stability. Wind and solar bring energy and cost advantages. Hydro brings dispatchable flexibility and system strength. Storage brings speed and granularity. The challenge is to orchestrate them into a coherent architecture that

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Traders’ hydro-volatility map for SEE

From a trader’s perspective, hydropower in South-East Europe is less about reservoirs and turbines and more about timing, asymmetry and correlation with wind and solar patterns. A hydro-volatility map of the region does not describe water levels; it describes how hydro behaviour amplifies or dampens spreads across borders and across time. The first dimension of

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Hydropower as baseload or balancing in a renewable-dominated SEE system: A structural analysis of hydro vs. wind and solar

Hydropower has always occupied a privileged position in South-East Europe’s electricity systems. Before solar and wind entered the mix, hydro served simultaneously as baseload, mid-merit and balancing capacity. It delivered firm energy during wet seasons, provided dispatchable flexibility for system operators and anchored frequency stability across weak and heavily fragmented Balkan grids. Yet as the

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