According to data published by the National Institute for Statistics (INS), electricity consumption in Romania during the first ten months of 2025 totaled 41.46 TWh, representing a 0.2% decline compared to the same period in 2024. The figures indicate a broadly stable demand profile, with notable differences across consumer categories.
Industrial electricity consumption reached 31.35 TWh, down 0.6% year-on-year, reflecting subdued industrial activity and efficiency gains in some sectors. In contrast, household electricity consumption increased by 1.1%, amounting to 9.8 TWh, suggesting continued growth in residential demand. Consumption for public lighting fell sharply by 5.1%, totaling approximately 310.4 GWh, likely due to efficiency measures and modernization of lighting infrastructure.
On the supply side, total electricity production in January–October 2025 reached 41.78 TWh, which is 4.5% lower compared to the same period last year. Thermal power generation declined by 1.8%, reaching 13.81 TWh, while hydropower production recorded a significant drop of 21.7%, falling to 9.82 TWh, largely reflecting weaker hydrological conditions.
At the same time, electricity production at the Cernavodă nuclear power plant increased by 1.6%, reaching 9.05 TWh, partially offsetting declines in other generation sources. Wind power generation decreased by 4.9% year-on-year to 4.82 TWh, while solar power production, including prosumers, rose sharply to 4.28 TWh, marking a 34.9% increase compared to 2024 and underscoring the rapid expansion of photovoltaic capacity.
Romania’s cross-border electricity flows also expanded significantly. Electricity exports in the first ten months of 2025 reached 11.77 TWh, up 29.3% year-on-year, while imports increased by 34.9% to 15.43 TWh, reflecting greater market integration and balancing needs amid fluctuating domestic production.
Beyond electricity, total production of primary energy resources amounted to 13,709.9 thousand tons of oil equivalent, which is 2.7% less than in the same period of 2024. Coal production stood at 1,580.9 thousand tons of oil equivalent, down 0.9%, while oil production declined more sharply by 7.7% to 2,073.3 thousand tons of oil equivalent. Natural gas production reached 6,209.4 thousand tons of oil equivalent, representing a 1.2% decrease year-on-year, continuing a gradual downward trend in domestic fossil fuel output.