SEE

South-East Europe’s refining system and Serbia’s turning point under a MOL takeover

South-East European refining is not defined by refinery nameplates alone. It is defined by who controls crude access, who can finance inventories through cycles, and who owns the corridors that physically move oil. In this system, refineries behave less like isolated industrial plants and more like nodes inside a politically and financially constrained logistics network. […]

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How U.S. energy strategy is reshaping Southeast Europe’s gas market

Southeast Europe’s gas market entered 2025 in a structurally different position from where it stood only a few years earlier. The transformation has been driven less by short-term price movements and more by a deliberate geopolitical and infrastructure strategy in which the United States has assumed a central role. The November 2025 analysis by the

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Investment flows in the Southeast Europe energy market in 2025: Capital, risk and strategic repositioning

Investment flows into the Southeast Europe energy sector in 2025 represent one of the clearest signals that the region has moved from being perceived as a peripheral, high-risk energy market to a structurally relevant investment destination within the broader European energy transition. While total capital volumes remain below those deployed in core EU markets such as Germany,

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SEE energy market 2025: Strategic shifts in gas security and market dynamics

The energy landscape in Southeast Europe in 2025 is defined by several converging pressures: enduring structural dependence on imported natural gas, ongoing price segmentation, evolving infrastructure tied to LNG and interconnectors, and the region’s shifting role at the nexus of European energy security policy. These dynamics are shaped by both market forces and geopolitical shifts, reflecting broader

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Natural gas market and energy security In Southeast Europe: From import dependence to strategic optionality

The evolution of the natural gas market in Southeast Europe has become one of the most consequential structural themes in the region’s broader energy transition and industrial competitiveness debate. Unlike electricity, where SEE countries possess significant domestic generation capacity through hydro, coal, nuclear in Bulgaria, and increasingly renewables, gas has historically been the system’s weakest

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SEE sees sharp electricity price and demand surge in Week 02 of 2026

Electricity prices across the Southeast Europe (SEE) region surged sharply in Week 02 of 2026 compared with Week 01. Most SEE markets saw substantial weekly increases, with prices climbing over 40% in Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, and Serbia. In these countries, average electricity prices converged around €130–136/MWh, reflecting strong market coupling and limited availability of lower-cost

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From power plants to platforms: Renewable business models in Southeast Europe

By 2025, the renewable electricity sector in Southeast Europe completed a transition that had been underway for nearly a decade but was often misunderstood while it was happening. Wind farms, solar parks and hydro plants ceased to function primarily as isolated production assets and began operating as integrated platforms. This shift did not occur because of

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Renewable power as an anchor for industrial relocation in Southeast Europe

By 2025, renewable electricity in Southeast Europe began to influence industrial geography in a way that goes far beyond energy procurement. What initially appeared as a decarbonisation compliance tool has evolved into a structural input for industrial location decisions, investment sequencing and competitiveness strategy. Renewable power is no longer simply an operating cost line. In SEE,

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Wind repowering opportunities in Southeast Europe

By 2025, wind repowering emerged as one of the most quietly attractive investment opportunities in Southeast Europe. While public attention remained focused on new-build capacity, the region’s first generation of utility-scale wind farms—commissioned largely between 2010 and 2015—entered a phase where asset age, turbine efficiency and evolving market exposure began to materially affect performance. These assets are

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Balancing markets and flexibility revenues for renewables in Southeast Europe

By 2025, balancing and flexibility revenues emerged as one of the most underestimated profit drivers for renewable electricity producers in Southeast Europe. For most of the past decade, balancing markets in the region were treated as technical necessities rather than commercial arenas. Renewable producers focused on energy volumes and incentive-backed prices, leaving flexibility value largely to

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